Like all text types, variants of instructions occur and they can be combined with other text types. They may be visual only (e.g. a series of diagrams with an image for each step in the process) or a combination of words and images. Instructions and procedural texts are found in all areas of the curriculum and include rules for games, recipes, instructions for making something and directions.
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Purpose:
To ensure something is done effectively and/or correctly with a successful outcome for the participant(s).
Link to:
Year 1 Non-fiction - Unit 2 - Instructions (persuasion)
Year 2 Non-fiction - Unit 1 - Instructions
Year 3 Non-fiction - Unit 2 - Instructions
Year 5 Non-fiction - Unit 1 - Instructions
Year 6 revision - Unit 2
Progression paper on instructional/procedural texts
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| Generic structure | Language features | Knowledge for the writer |
- Begin by defining the goal or desired outcome. (How to make a board game.)
- List any material or equipment needed, in order.
- Provide simple, clear instructions. If a process is to be undertaken, keep to the order in which the steps need to be followed to achieve the stated goal.
- Diagrams or illustrations are often integral and may even take the place of some text. (Diagram B shows you how to connect the wires.)
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- Use of imperative verbs (commands), e.g. Cut the card ... Paint your design ...
- Instructions may include negative commands. (Do not use any glue at this stage.)
- Additional advice (It’s a good idea to leave it overnight if you have time. If the mixture separates ...) or suggested alternatives (If you would like to make a bigger decoration, you could either double the dimensions of the base or just draw bigger flowers.).
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- Use the title to show what the instructions are about. (How to look after goldfish.)
- Work out exactly what sequence is needed to achieve the planned goal.
- Decide on the important points you need to include at each stage.
- Decide how formal or informal the text will be. (Cook for 20 minutes/Pop your cheesecake in the oven for 20 minutes.)
- Present the text clearly. Think about using bullet points, numbers or letters to help your reader keep track as they work their way through each step.
- Keep sentences as short and simple as possible.
- Avoid unnecessary adjectives and adverbs or technical words, especially if your readers are young.
- Appeal directly to the reader’s interest and enthusiasm. (You will really enjoy this game. Why not try out this delicious recipe on your friends? Only one more thing left to do now.)
- Include a final evaluative statement to wrap up the process. (Now go and enjoy playing your new game. Your beautiful summer salad is now ready to eat.)
- Re-read your instructions as if you know nothing about the procedure involved. Make sure you haven’t missed out any important stages or details and check that the language is as simple and clear as possible.
- Use procedural texts within other text types when you need a set of rules, guidelines or instructions to make something really clear for the reader.
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