To ensure effective planning of literacy teachers need to ensure they plan for all elements of literacy effectively across the year ensuring that assessment for learning is used to plan and amend teaching. It is essential that core skills such as phonic strategies, spelling, and handwriting are incorporated into these exemplar units to ensure effective learning. 

Most children learn to:
(The following list comprises only the strands, numbered 1 through 12, that are relevant to this particular unit.)

1. Speaking

• Explain ideas and processes using imaginative and adventurous vocabulary and non-verbal gestures to support communication

5. Word recognition: decoding (reading) and encoding (spelling)

• Read independently and with increasing fluency longer and less familiar texts
• Spell with increasing accuracy and confidence, drawing on word recognition and knowledge of word structure, and spelling patterns
• Know how to tackle unfamiliar words that are not completely decodable
• Read and spell less common alternative graphemes including trigraphs
• Read high and medium frequency words independently and automatically

6. Word structure and spelling

• Spell with increasing accuracy and confidence, drawing on word recognition and knowledge of word structure, and spelling patterns including common inflections and use of double letters
• Read and spell less common alternative graphemes including trigraphs

7. Understanding and interpreting texts

• Draw together ideas and information from across a whole text, using simple signposts in the text
• Explain organisational features of texts, including alphabetical order, layout, diagrams, captions, hyperlinks and bullet points

8. Engaging with and responding to texts

• Explain their reactions to texts, commenting on important aspects

9. Creating and shaping texts

• Select from different presentational features to suit particular writing purposes on paper and on screen

10. Text structure and organisation

• Use planning to establish clear sections for writing  (This link will take you to the relevant Steps in learning for this objective. Use the 'back' button on your browser to return to the objectives.)
• Use appropriate language to make sections hang together

12. Presentation

• Wordprocess short narrative and non-narrative texts