- torches with powerful beams
- combs with widely spaced teeth, cardboard tubes
- objects of a variety of shapes
- shadow sticks
- metre sticks or tape measures
- compass
- collection of opaque, transparent and translucent objects and materials eg plastic bottles, fine gauze, thin nylon, wood, acetate, foils, greaseproof paper
- white cardboard to act as screen
- overhead projector
- secondary sources eg reference books, CD-ROMs
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