Science at key stage 3 (Year 9)

Unit 9B: Fit and healthy
Section 4: What is the effect of smoking on the lungs and other body systems?

Objectives

Children should learn:

to make notes during a demonstration and to use these in another task
that smoking is implicated in a range of illnesses
that carbon particles, carbon monoxide, heat, nicotine and tar cause specific damage
that ciliated epithelial cells in the airways are specialised for moving fluid
how evidence about the effects of smoking has gradually been collected

Activities		Outcomes
		Children:
Using a variety of resources, eg video clips, slides, illustrations, demonstrations, discuss with pupils the specific effects of smoke components, eg carbon monoxide, nicotine, tar, on the organs of the respiratory system, on cardiovascular function and on developing babies, and of heat effects on ciliated epithelial cells. Remind pupils how to make notes during a demonstration and use these to annotate a diagram. Challenge pupils to give reasons why people find it difficult to give up smoking. Provide pupils with secondary data, eg death rate from specific illnesses correlated with smoking habits, incidence of chest conditions in smoking and non-smoking households, number of working days lost through smoking-related illnesses, smoking habit and likelihood of miscarriage or stillbirth. Give prompts, eg Why was smoking acceptable 30 years ago, but is less so now? What is the health warning? What is passive smoking? Why can't people under 16 buy cigarettes? Ask pupils to use what they have found out to produce either a leaflet for younger pupils or a leaflet for adults explaining why smoking is harmful. Help pupils select information to be emphasised in each leaflet.		listen actively, demonstrating understanding and use of scientific terminology describe the effects of cigarette smoke on tissues of the lungs and gaseous exchange explain that damage to air sacs reduces surface area for gas exchange explain the harmful effects of smoke components, eg nicotine is addictive and narrows blood vessels, affecting blood pressure while accelerating the heart; tar causes lung cancer; carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in the blood describe how ideas about smoking have changed as evidence has accumulated

Points to note

This builds on unit 8B 'Respiration' and provides an opportunity to revisit lung function, cell structure and the transport of material in the blood.
Pupils are likely to have learnt about some of the effects of substances, such as tobacco, that change our physical or mental state in unit 5A 'Keeping healthy' in the key stage 2 scheme of work. They will also have considered the effect of smoking on the developing foetus in unit 7B 'Reproduction'.
Extension: pupils could find out how cells in the respiratory tract are adapted for their functions.
As an alternative, pupils could use a 'smoking machine' to collect tar.

Safety

'smoking machines' should be used in a fume cupboard. Staff should wear gloves when cleaning the apparatus to protect from carcinogenic tar

Sections in this unit

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This unit is divided into sections. Each section contains a sequence of activities with related objectives and outcomes. You can view this unit by moving through the sections or print/download the whole unit.


	1. a. What do we mean by fit?
	2. b. What do we mean by fit?
	3. What helps the respiratory system to function?
	4. What is the effect of smoking on the lungs and other body systems?
	5. a. Why is diet important?
	6. b. Why is diet important?
	7. How does alcohol affect the body?
	8. a. What else can we do to maintain fitness?
	9. b. What else can we do to maintain fitness?
	10. a. What effects do drugs have?
	11. b. What effects do drugs have?
	12. Are we healthier than our great-grandparents were?
	13. Reviewing work

Science at key stage 3 (Year 9)

Objectives

Activities

Outcomes

Points to note

Sections in this unit