Section 1: How are soils different from each other?
Children should learn:
- that different soils have different characteristics, including pH ranges, and that this affects the plants that grow in them
- to locate information about plants and preferred soil types in secondary sources
- to use knowledge about acids, alkalis and neutralisation to suggest ways of reducing the acidity of soils
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Section 2: What happens to rocks and building materials over time?
Children should learn:
- that rocks and building materials change over time
- about factors that affect the way in which materials change
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Section 3: What causes acid rain?
Children should learn:
- that the atmosphere contains carbon dioxide from natural sources and the burning of fossil fuels, and this gas can dissolve in rainwater, causing it to be weakly acidic
- that dissolved oxides of sulphur increase the acidity of rain
- that oxides of sulphur in the air can arise from human activity and geological activity
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Section 4: a. What are the effects of acid rain and how can they be reduced?
Children should learn:
- about the effects of acid rain on rocks and building materials
- why acid rain will dissolve some building stones
- that acids in the environment can lead to corrosion of metal
- to make careful observations over a period of time
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Section 5: b. What are the effects of acid rain and how can they be reduced?
Children should learn:
- that acid rain damages living organisms and materials
- about ways in which emissions of oxides causing acid rain can be reduced
- to use secondary sources to find information about key questions
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Section 6: a. Is pollution worse now?
Children should learn:
- how air or water pollution is monitored and controlled
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Section 7: b. Is pollution worse now?
Children should learn:
- to decide what evidence should be collected
- to collect evidence to answer a question
- how to decide whether evidence is good enough to answer a question
- to appraise texts quickly and effectively for their usefulness
- to recognise the author's standpoint and how it affects the meaning
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Section 8: Is global warming happening?
Children should learn:
- to use secondary sources to answer scientific questions
- how to decide whether evidence is good enough to answer a question
- to evaluate evidence put forward by others
- to discuss and evaluate conflicting evidence to arrive at a considered viewpoint
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Section 9: Reviewing work
Children should learn:
- to identify the causes and effects of acid rain
- to use scientific terminology accurately and with understanding
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