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Science at key stage 3    (Year 9)

Unit 9H: Using chemistry
Section 7: a. What happens to atoms and molecules when new materials are made?

QCA

Objectives
Children should learn:
  • to use preliminary work to decide on appropriate apparatus
  • that mass is conserved in chemical reactions
  • that atoms combine in different ways as a result of chemical reactions

Activities

Outcomes
Children:
  • Demonstrate some reactions in which a change can be clearly observed, eg production of a precipitate, change in colour, perceptible rise in temperature, but in which no gas is produced, and help pupils to devise a method for finding out whether there is a change in mass when the reaction takes place. Establish that mass is conserved.
  • Take some examples of reactions, eg burning hydrogen; burning carbon to form carbon dioxide and to form carbon monoxide; combining hydrogen and chlorine, and model the rearrangement of atoms in these using, eg ball-and-spoke models, simulation software. Establish with pupils that atoms 'left over' cannot disappear.
  • Help pupils to explain conservation of mass in terms of the rearrangement of the atoms during a reaction.
  • devise a method of finding out whether mass is conserved in a reaction
  • use models to describe the conservation of mass in a reaction
  • use models or simulations to show how atoms combine in different ways as a result of a reaction

Points to note
  • It may be helpful to model reactions that do not include ionic compounds.
  • Reactants can be kept apart using an ignition tube suspended by a thread in a stoppered flask.

    • Safety

    • safety screens and eye protection should be used if these reactions are demonstrated. A jet of hydrogen can be burnt in a glass jar of chlorine, but hydrogen and chlorine should not be mixed in a container. Employer's risk assessments should be followed

Sections in this unit

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This unit is divided into sections. Each section contains a sequence of activities with related objectives and outcomes. You can view this unit by moving through the sections or print/download the whole unit.
1. a. What chemical reactions take place when fuels burn?
2. b. What chemical reactions take place when fuels burn?
3. b. How else are chemical reactions used as energy resources?
4. How else are chemical reactions used as energy resources?
5. What types of new material are made through chemical reactions?
6. Checking progress
7. a. What happens to atoms and molecules when new materials are made?
8. b. What happens to atoms and molecules when new materials are made?
9. c. What happens to atoms and molecules when new materials are made?
10. d. What happens to atoms and molecules when new materials are made?
11. Reviewing work